Essays

Addiction or Infection of Young-Deok Seo

Park, Tcheon-Nahm (Head of Faculty of Art and Science, Sungkok Art Museum)

What a young artist Young-Deok Seo concerns is the human body. He offers and narrates stories based on substantial understanding and concerns about formation. The stories are inferred by molded motions and expressions of characters rather than conveyed by elucidative presentation. He is delivering stories of peopleโ€™s lives through human figures. For him, man is essential and important as to no matter what is a sculpture or story. It, as expected, is man who is the motif in his work. His delivery room where various stories and men with diverse expressions are born is full of figures of the human body in different sizes. Male and female sculptures in various forms and postures which are head-sculptures, standing figures, busts, and torsos are brought together. This shows his deep and wide interests in formation of the human body. Most of them are nude sculptures, made by toiling to weld steel. They seem to be made by the way of carving, but, to be exact, by way of modelling. That is, the human bodies are not kneaded by rubbing and pressing lumps of iron, but completed by melting and linking them piece by piece. Young-Deok Seo, with his whole heart, follows conventional/legitimate production methods from beginning to the end, regards of such as drawing, modeling, casting, and welding. He does all the finishing touches by himself as well.


The human bodies, born through a series of complicated and intense process, as worthy as to be called birth pangs, look sunken as if they are addicted or infected by something unknown. So do their entire expressions and motions, each body part in detail, and facial expressions in particular. Meanwhile, the facial expressions, closing their mouth firmly and their eyes gently, look like a seeker. In fact, they are haggard like a seeker who has come through his long ascetic practice. They bear moderate expressions in which no excessive part is included as well as all earthly desires and passions are removed. However, they do not bear comfort at all. Among young men and women, it is obvious that men are especially enduring something scary and cruel, or are closing their eyes against the heartlessness and cruelty of the world. Sometimes, they are cruel, horrifying, and dreadful themselves. Some are with their heads chopped off or partly smashed. The head-sculpture of a young man, much bigger than its life-size being placed on the empty ground, suggests something afraid or unknown horror. Was it made so enormously huge as paradoxically to emphasize contemporary young men distorted and daunted?


These various expressions are able to be made because Young-Deok Seo uses chain and welding. For common molding cannot completely show the artistโ€™s own formative concerns and stories. He can partly cast and combine them in the form of, so called, assemblage, at best, but cannot bail the story he wants to communicate. His sculptures are placed on the ground, attached to the wall, or hung on the ceiling. In another sense, they have numerous facets and are greatly experimental. They are all covered with chains. They are so called iron men. They are woven stitch by stitch. Seo wraps the bodies with fragments of chains which appear to be their skin cells. His sculptures are very spiritual work to be devoted to the basic form and to take a long time. The connection between welding and fragments of chains helps enable Young-Deok Seoโ€™ work. They are coiling round the entire body, being in gear with each other as the world is intertwined and complicated. His work is so called โ€˜chain reactionโ€™. It makes us think connections between people which are supposed to be placed on certain facets and coordinates no matter whether we want or not, and think dynamic relations with system which social members are supposed to have. It implies chain reaction invisible but inevitable to be affected by some incident or phenomenon.


Earning oneโ€™s bread and deciding on the career is not of recent occurrence not only for those who makes specialty of arts, but also for those of other fields. As industrial economics is on the whole depressed and the world is rapidly rearranged centering around the commercial capitalism, participation of the young in public affairs as well as the older generation becomes hardened. The unemployment of the young has become one of the serious social problems. Young-Deok Seo plainly satirizes, through depiction of the human body, the social reality that firmly sticks to the inside of social system or falls apart from it. It is chain which he chooses to describe the phenomenon and reality intertwined and wriggling so as to live through and to bear each other. Fragments of chains are fixed with pins. Every two of them are connected with sharing one pin. The fragments, stirring, tell us various stories with vivid expressions and shine differently depending on the angle at which light hits them. Undoubtedly, the objet is in fact not moving at all, but feels like stirring and showing different phases depending on the angle at which we see it. This leads us to reflect upon reality and critical situation in which diverse interests are crossing each other so densely and firmly that we cannot avoid them.


What is manifest in Young-Deok Seoโ€™s work is repetition. It is such as of subject, material, and technique. Repetition of despair and pain, and that of possibility and hope, in particular, appear frequently. He continues such an action and thought through repetition and accumulation. He keeps drawing. He intrudes this and that established index in human society as if he carves constellations of hope. He shows expressions in random rather than in arrangement, but on the other hand he seems to set up an intense formative search. He made thousands of tiny fragments of chains into the figures at present by searing, melting, joining them with a welding rod. Young-Deok Seo sears men and indifferent world which is festered and decomposed. He wakes them up. He melts and lumps them. He sutures them like a surgeon. Remainder sentiments from wounds, tears, and pains drip as if the candle is running. He lets them fall. He is intensely confronted with indecent viruses of the older generation which encroach our souls, and with infectious germs of a mammonish age represented as commercial capitalism. He is struggling.


His human bodies are firm on the whole. However, they are helplessly melting down by being infected or caught by something. They are not solid. They look like a stout body at a swift glance, but stand with their inside sparse at a close distance. They are empty inside. Their surface is smoothed. When looking through the inside, they are seared, crushed, melted by welding. The once strongly connected chains are heated, seared, melted once more. They are extremely upset. Like dropsy, they appear to be irregular deposition. It says that they are infected by something and its transfer so rapidly occurs that the entire bodies are being rotten. They look undisturbed outwardly. It is critical situation in a dead-end that their insides are being burn and their bodies melt by infection of viruses. However, they present a phase of indifference in which they are had no choice but to be calm. They are haggard. Their cheekbone and lower jaw-bone are conspicuously and firmly manifest, shutting their mouth tight. It suggests inevitable critical situation, pretty rational abandonment which admits inevitableness.


Young-Deok Seoโ€™s model is a man in 30โ€™s in South Korea. Seo tries to present the image of an anonymous young laborer in the heartless reality which drives him to an uncertain, hopeless life. It is paradoxical that he closes his eyes with his mouth shut, as if he is calm and rational. Helpless critical situation in a deadlock and overflowing silence due to being fed up with formidable life are perceived. His young men are sleeping in deep silence. Otherwise, they are bearing and being connected each other so dangerously enough to be broken down. It is a firm, deep silence of being. His bodies show different directions and orders, making, the opposites, things hard to be understood, and reality uneasy to be accepted, compatible with each other. The hard bodies are holding their own places, dashing this way and rush that, following each other. Revealing their bones and inside, their calm expressions thoroughly removed from all sentiments, and their facial expressions of haggard characters whose senses are under control, contain intellectual/manual workers as in the image of a man laborer in late 30โ€™s in South Korea. There flows cold air. Eyes are closed. It could be abandonment or an expression of exhaust. Might they be seeking for salvation from the absolute being? What they looks like in the future, or considerations and thoughts about labor, reality of labor, and the limited situation that they cannot get a job, is reflected. This is also what the artist feels. Seo actually models it on a haggard man. It can be seen that the frontal bone, the cheekbone, and the lower jaw-bone are developed. It can also be seen that a man is looking back his past years over his 30โ€™s before entering his 40โ€™s and has complicated expressions in which various thoughts about โ€˜me in the pastโ€™, โ€˜me at presentโ€™ and โ€˜me in the futureโ€™ cross each other. It shows its inside and variously combines with the image on the opposite side. It is interesting that lights and shadows form various expressions. Hence, it seems full of worries and complicated thoughts. In Seoโ€™s mind, there are as numerous stories about world as the bodies are overlapped and combined in various ways.


Seoโ€™s stories are summarized as a large head-sculpture placed on the empty ground. Like deep silence of a monk, it is firmly placed, throwing away and hiding all the unnecessary sentiments. Seoโ€™s is open towards the world and conveys his heart to every direction. It endures yearning for something that cannot be regained and completely lost. It shows an objective confrontation, not a subjective one, with firmness of society. He does not see a hope until he continues to sear steel one by one with a welding rod, looking back his pent-up anger, holding, melting, and mitigating his heart. Seo is worth to be applauded for his young devotion woven stitch by stitch.


์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ์ค‘๋…, ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐ์—ผ

๋ฐ•์ฒœ๋‚จ(์„ฑ๊ณก๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ํ•™์˜ˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์žฅ)

์ Š์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ€ ์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ์ธ์ฒด๋‹ค. ์ธ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ„ํƒ„ํ•œ ์กฐํ˜•์  ์ดํ•ด์™€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ํ’€์–ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์ถœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ๋™์„ธ์™€ ํ‘œ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด ์ง์ž‘์ผ€ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด๋“  ์„ธ์ƒ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“  ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด์š”, ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ์ €๋Ÿฐ ํ‘œ์ •์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ์‚ฐ์‹ค(็”ฃๅฎค)์—๋Š” ํฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ์ธ์ฒด ํ˜•์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘์ƒ, ์ž…์ƒ, ํ‰์ƒ, ํ† ๋ฅด์†Œ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•์‹๊ณผ ํฌ์ฆˆ์˜ ๋‚จ๋…€์กฐ๊ฐ์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ง๋ผ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ์ธ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐํ˜•์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๊นŠ๊ณ ๋„ ๋„“์Œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ˆ„๋“œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ƒ์ธ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค๋Š”, ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ์šฉ์ ‘์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ฒ ์กฐ์šฉ์ ‘์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์กฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์—„๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋งํ•ด ์†Œ์กฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ์‡ณ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌด๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ์ธ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์„ฑํ˜•ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์‡ ๋ถ™์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…น์ด๊ณ  ์ด์–ด ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์™„์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ๋“œ๋กœ์ž‰, ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง, ์บ์ŠคํŒ…, ์›ฐ๋”ฉ(welding) ๋“ฑ ์‹œ์ž‘์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์™„์„ฑ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ „ํ†ต/์ •ํ†ต์˜ ์ œ์ž‘ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ถฉ์‹คํžˆ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค.


์‚ฐ๊ณ (็”ฃ่‹ฆ)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ์— ์†์ƒ‰์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ธ์ฒด๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์— ์ค‘๋…, ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ๋“ฏ ํ€ญํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ‘œ์ •๊ณผ ๋™์„ธ๊ฐ€, ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„, ํŠนํžˆ ์–ผ๊ตด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ‘œ์ •์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์ž…์„ ๊ตณ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฌผ๊ณ  ๋ˆˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด ํ‘œ์ •์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ตฌ๋„์ž์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋กœ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ณ ํ–‰๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๋งˆ์นœ ์ˆ˜๋„์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊นก๋งˆ๋ฅธ ํ‘œ์ •๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ์ฒด์˜ ์„ธ์†์  ์š•๋ง๊ณผ ์š•์ •์ด ๊ฑฐ์„ธ๋œ, ์กฐํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ตฐ๋”๋”๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ ˆ์ œ๋œ ํ‘œ์ •๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜จ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ๋А๋‚Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ Š์€ ๋‚จ๋…€, ํŠนํžˆ ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ ํ‘œ์ •์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์„ญ๋„๋ก ์ž”์ธํ•œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ธ๋‚ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ƒ‰์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž”ํ˜นํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์ด ์—ญ๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋ก  ์ž”์ธ, ํ˜น์€ ์„ฌ๋œฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ‰์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ธ์ฒด๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹น๋‘‘ ์ž˜๋ ค ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ญ‰๊ฐœ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋ฉ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„ ๋‘์ƒ์€ ๋ณด๋Š” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•จ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณตํฌ๋‚˜ ๋‘๋ ค์šด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ง์ž‘์ผ€ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ผ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์œ„์ถ•๋œ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์—ญ์„ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ๋“ฏ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ?


์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ์ €๋Ÿฐ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์„œ์˜๋•์ด ์ฒด์ธ๊ณผ ์šฉ์ ‘์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ฃผ๋ฌผ ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ํŠน์œ ์˜ ์กฐํ˜•์  ๊ณ ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋กฏ์ด ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์บ์ŠคํŒ…ํ•ด์„œ, ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ์•—์ƒ๋ธ”๋ผ์ฃผ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋†“์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฒฝ์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฒœ์ •์— ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์ž…์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฒด์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค ๋ฎ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์œ„ ์ฒ ์ธ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒด์ธ ๋‹จํŽธ๋“ค๋กœ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์กฐ์ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ธ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹ธ ์•ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋•€์„ ๋œจ๋“ฏ ์ง์กฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•์‹์— ์ถฉ์‹คํ•œ, ์‹ค๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒด์ธ ๋‹จํŽธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์šฉ์ ‘์ˆ ์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์„œ์˜๋• ์กฐ๊ฐ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ฝํžˆ๊ณ ์„คํ‚จ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์˜จ ๋ชธ์„ ํœ˜๊ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ์ฒด์ธ ๋ฆฌ์•ก์…˜(chain reaction)์ด๋‹ค. ์›ํ•˜๋˜ ์›์น˜ ์•Š๋˜ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ„๋ฉด๊ณผ ์ขŒํ‘œ ์ƒ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ญํ•™ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์›์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”, ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์—ฐ์‡„๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ง์ž‘์ผ€ ํ•œ๋‹ค.


๋ฏธ์ˆ ์„ ์ „๊ณตํ•˜๊ฑด ํƒ€ ์ „๊ณต์„ ํ•˜๊ฑด ๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ง„๋กœ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์ถ•๋˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์—… ์ž๋ณธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์žฌํŽธ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐ์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ Š์€ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ง„์ถœ์ด ํก์‚ฌ ๋™๋งฅ๊ฒฝํ™” ์ƒํƒœ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ์ฒญ๋…„์‹ค์—…์ด ๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋‚ด์— ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋ก  ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ˜„์‹ค ํ’๊ฒฝ์„ ํŠน์œ ์˜ ์ธ์ฒด๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ๋‚˜๋ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ’์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋˜ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ๋””๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฟˆํ‹€๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐพ์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒด์ธ ๋‹จํŽธ๋“ค์€ ํ•€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ•ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จํŽธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ•€์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„œ๋กœ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น›์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฐ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์œจ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ค ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ ๋‹ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ์€ ๋น›์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š”, ํ‘œ์ •์ด ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์˜ค๋ธŒ์ œ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋А๊ปด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ต์ฐจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋ ค ํ•ด๋„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ํ˜„์‹ค ํ’๊ฒฝ, ํ•œ๊ณ„์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.


์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ด๋‹ค. ์†Œ์žฌ์™€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ, ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ ˆ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ณ ํ†ต์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ง์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๊ณผ ์ง‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„์™€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜ ํฌ๋ง์˜ ๋ณ„์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋“ฏ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ์ €๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์ขŒํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์นจํˆฌํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋žœ๋คํ•œ ํ‘œ์ •์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋ก  ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์กฐํ˜•์  ํƒ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ์ฒด์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋‹จํŽธ ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์šฉ์ ‘๋ด‰์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ง€๊ณ  ๋…น์—ฌ ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ๊ณช๊ณ  ๊ณช์•„ ์ฉ์–ด ๋ฌธ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ, ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์ง€์ง„๋‹ค. ๊นจ์šด๋‹ค. ๋…น์—ฌ ๋ญ‰๋šฑ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ˆ ํ•˜๋“ฏ ๋ด‰ํ•ฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ฒ˜, ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ, ์•„ํ”” ๋“ฑ ์ž‰์—ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ์ด›๋†์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋š๋š ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ค ์˜ํ˜ผ์„ ์ž ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณผ์ฝ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค, ์ƒ์—…์  ์ž๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋งŒ๋Šฅ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ท ๊ณผ ์น˜์—ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งž์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.


๊ทธ์˜ ์ธ์ฒด๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์ „์—ผ, ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์–ด ์†์ ˆ์—†์ด ๋…น์•„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ ธ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์†์ด ๊ฝ‰ ๋“ค์–ด์ฐฌ ํ˜•์ƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๊ฒฌ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์ธ์ฒด๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์„ฑ๊ธด ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ…… ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ‰์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊น”๋”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฉด์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ์šฉ์ ‘์ˆ ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€์ ธ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ญ‰๊ฐœ์ง€๊ณ  ๋…น์—ฌ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์™•์˜ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ฒด์ธ๊ณผ ์ฒด์ธ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋” ๋‹ฌ๊ตฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์ง€๊ณ  ๋…น์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž”๋œฉ ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํก์‚ฌ ๋ถ€์ข…(ๆตฎ่…ซ)์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ์šฉ์ฐฉ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ „์ด๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์˜จ ๋ชธ์ด ์ฉ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒ‰์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ด๋‹ดํ•œ ํ‘œ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์†์ด ํƒ€๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์˜จ ๋ชธ์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์–ด ๋…น์•„๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ ˆ๋ช…์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํƒœ์—ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š”, ๋ถˆ๊ฐ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์–ด๊ธˆ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฝ‰ ๊นจ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณจ๊ณผ ํ•˜์•…๊ณจ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ๊นก๋งˆ๋ฅธ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํ‘œ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ์šฉ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.


์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์˜ 30๋Œ€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ, ์ ˆ๋ง์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋น„์ •ํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค ์† ์ต๋ช…ํ™”๋œ ์ฒญ๋…„ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์œผ๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์–‘, ์ด๋ฅผ ์•…๋ฌผ๊ณ  ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ •์ด ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์—ญ์„ค์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋…น๋ก์น˜ ์•Š์€ ์‚ถ์— ์ง€์นœ, ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์นจ๋ฌต๊ณผ ์†์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ฐ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์€ ๊นŠ์€ ์นจ๋ฌต ์†์— ์ž ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜น์€ ๋Š์–ด์งˆ ๋“ฏ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ์•„์Šฌ์•„์Šฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ๋””๋ฉฐ ๋ฒ„ํ‹ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์กด์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊นŠ์€ ์นจ๋ฌต์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์ธ์ฒด๋Š” ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค, ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค, ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ํ˜„์‹ค, ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์–‘๋ฆฝ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ขŒ์ถฉ์šฐ๋Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑท์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผˆ์™€ ์†์„ ํ›คํžˆ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ผ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์„ธํ•œ ๋ƒ‰์ •ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ •, ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•œ ๊นก๋งˆ๋ฅธ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด ํ‘œ์ •์€ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์˜ 30๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ์ง€์‹/์œก์ฒด๋…ธ๋™์ž๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋ƒ‰์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰๋žญํ•œ ๊ธฐ์šด์ด ํ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์„ ์€ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๊ธฐ, ํ˜น์€ ์ง€์นœ ํ‘œ์ •์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์›์„ ํฌ๊ตฌ๋ผ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ. ๋…ธ๋™๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™ ํ˜„์‹ค์—, ๋…ธ๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ฐ, ํ˜น์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๋“ค๋„ ํˆฌ์˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹ฌ์ •์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ ๊นก๋งˆ๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋‘๊ณจ, ๊ด€๊ณจ, ํ•˜์•…๊ณจ์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚จ์ž ๋‚˜์ด ์„œ๋ฅธ์„ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๋งˆํ”์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ ์‹œ์ ˆ์„ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š”, ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” โ€˜๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‚˜โ€™, โ€˜ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋‚˜โ€™, โ€˜๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋‚˜โ€™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๊ต์ฐจํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ‘œ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์†์ด ํ›คํžˆ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋งž์€ ํŽธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋น›๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋นš์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ •์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ๋ฏผ์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋ฒ„๋žฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ๊ต์ฐจ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.


์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋ฉ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋†“์ธ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๋‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ์ถ•๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ˆ˜๋„์‚ฌ์™€๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊นŠ์€ ์นจ๋ฌต์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋˜์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ถ˜ ์ฑ„ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ช… ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”, ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ์‹ค๋œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์›€์„ ์ธ๋‚ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‘์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‘์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฉ์ ‘๋ด‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ง€์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์šธ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ˜์ถ”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฑท์žก๊ณ  ๋…น์ด๊ณ  ์‚ญ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ํฌ๋ง์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋•€๋•€์ด ์ด์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ์ Š์€ ์ง‘๋…์— ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค.


Seo Young Deok | Modern Life | WHITE ROOM | Italy

Marco IzzolinO, 2015

Italy, and in particular the Bay of Naples with Capri, where Seo Young Deok exhibits for the first time, is an important challenge for his sculpture: it is the landing point of a very long conceptual and inspirational journey and, at the same time, it is the place to meet an artistic culture so much different from his native one, but with which Seo Young Deok has started a fruitful relationship. A young Korean sculptor arrives in the geographical area where the Roman culture met the Greek culture โ€“ by laying the foundations to spread the โ€œclassicalโ€ into the western sculpture and architecture โ€“ and, in his works, he proves to be very interested in the (western) classical sculpture, but whose observation and starting points of his model works remain definitely opposite to the western ones.


His first exhibition in Italy, at the White Room in Capri, can be the place to highlight Seo Young Deokโ€™s interaction with the (western) classical which, if it may be expected for a western artist like Antony Gormley โ€“ to whom the Korean artist has often been compared by critics โ€“ must absolutely not be taken for granted for him.


This interaction with the western world seems to be another of the many connections to which the artist alludes by using the chains forming his sculptures. Unlike Gormley, Seo Young Deok uses the โ€œpost-productionโ€ language, prevalent in those generations born after 1980, as a tool to read and to interpret reality: by repurposing an industrial material such as chains (either standard or bike chains), with a highly skilled assembly technique, he is able to turn them into the basis and material to describe the world.


As Nicolas Bourriad himself maintained โ€“ by introducing the concept of โ€œpost-productionโ€ when speaking of the artistic practice in the 90s โ€“ this is the most suitable method to react to the chaos of global culture during the information era. To Seo Young Deok, the connections between chains are a metaphor of the connections between the pieces of information, that โ€“ in this century โ€“ have been getting greatly complicated due to the endless chaos of possibilities.


He seems to be willing to represent the way in which pieces of information thicken, condense and create shapes that can tell storiesโ€ฆ peopleโ€™s storiesโ€ฆ โ€œhumanโ€ stories. The connections between chains and those between pieces of information also refer to the exchanges within the brain circuits.


The contact point with the western classical sculpture is in the ability of his works to tell stories that people can identify themselves with. Classical sculpture can express a very broad range of feelings just by representing the human body; it suffice to observe a classical (Greek, Roman, Renaissance or Baroque, and so on) bust to realize that it is the portion which is able to represent the whole, through emotions or actions that are reflected in the muscle tension of the whole body. The art historian Ernst Gombrich maintained that the starting point of the viewerโ€™s identification with the figures portrayed by artists is actually in the muscular response that they inspire to viewers. Also Seo Young Deok inspires such a response in his viewers: his men and his women are all naked as classical sculptures, they express actions and feelings with which the viewer identifies him/ herself. His faceless characters show a deep sadness, a sign of the restless life of people who live in times of high-tech civilization.


The differences between his sculptures and the western classical sculpture lie in the material construction of his figures. Leon Battista Alberti, in his โ€œDe Statuaโ€ (On Sculpture), the first Renaissance essay to transmit the sculpture techniques used in the past to contemporary generations, speaks of two totally different approaches to sculpture: the one โ€œby addingโ€ and the other โ€œby removingโ€. The first approach, called โ€œplasticโ€, is typically used when sculpting soft materials (clay, wax, plaster and so on); the latter is used when sculpting stones (it is widely known that Michelangelo believed that sculpture โ€œis made by removingโ€ and that โ€œthe one made by adding is similar to paintingโ€).

On the contrary, Seo Young Deok created a sculpture method (by adding) by using a stiff material that cannot be shaped and does not follow the movements of hands. His great modernity is in this technical feature: his ability to create sculptures that can express the emotional intensity of classical statues by using a material and a technique that are only available in a high-tech society.

์„œ์˜๋• | 2015๋…„ 8์›” 20์ผ โ€“ 9์›” 13์ผ |๋ฆฌํ€ด๋“œ ์•„ํŠธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ํ™”์ดํŠธ๋ฃธ | ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„

๋งˆ๋ฅด์ฝ” ์ด์ซ„๋ฆฌ๋…ธ(Marco Izzolino)

์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํด๋ฆฌ ๋งŒ์„ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์นดํ”„๋ฆฌ ์„ฌ์—์„œ ์„œ์˜๋• ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ดˆ๋Œ€์ „์ด ์—ด๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ์นดํ”„๋ฆฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์‹œ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์ผ๋ฟ๋”๋Ÿฌ, ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์‹œ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ€์ธ ์„œ์˜๋•์—๊ฒŒ ๋œป๊นŠ์€ ๋„์ „์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์—๊ฒŒ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€๋…๊ณผ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ข‡๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๊ธด ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ๊ธฐ์ฐฉ์ง€์ด์ž, ๋™์‹œ์— ์ž์‹ ์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณณ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€์˜ ์ฒซ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์„ ์ˆœ์กฐ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.


์„œ์–‘์˜ โ€˜๊ณ ์ „โ€™ ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ง€, ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ Š์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์„œ์–‘์˜ ๊ณ ์ „ ์กฐ๊ฐ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„œ์˜๋•์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์กฐ๊ฐ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์ƒ์€ ์„œ์–‘์˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช… ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ์ฒซ ์ „์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์นดํ”„๋ฆฌ์˜ โ€˜ํ™”์ดํŠธ๋ฃธ(White Room)โ€™์€ ๋ถ„๋ช… ์„œ์˜๋•๊ณผ ์„œ์–‘ ๊ณ ์ „ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ์‹ฌ์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ์•ˆํ† ๋‹ˆ ๊ณฐ๋ฆฌ(Antony Gormley)โ€•ํ‰๋ก ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ข…์ข… ์„œ์˜๋•์„ ์ด ์ž‘๊ฐ€์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณค ํ•œ๋‹คโ€•์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„œ์–‘ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์™€ ์„œ์–‘ ๊ณ ์ „ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์–‘์˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ธ ์„œ์˜๋•๊ณผ ์„œ์–‘ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค.


์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ์ฒด์ธ ์กฐ๊ฐ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์•”์‹œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์„œ์–‘ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค. ๊ณฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์„œ์˜๋•์€ โ€˜ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ œ์ž‘(Post-production)โ€™์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. 1980๋…„ ์ดํ›„์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์œ ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ์„œ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ์ฒด์ธ(์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ฒด์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ์ฒด์ธ)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฐ์—… ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ์žฌ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฒด์ธ์„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.


๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฆฌ์˜ค(Nicolas Bourriaud)๋Š” 90๋…„๋Œ€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ โ€˜ํ›„๋ฐ˜์ž‘์—… (post-production: ์›๋ž˜๋Š” ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ ์ดฌ์˜์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งˆ์นœ ํ›„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ์ง‘, ์ƒ‰๋ณด์ •, ํŠน์ˆ˜ํšจ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋‚˜, ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š”, ๋‹น๋Œ€์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘์—…์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค)โ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด โ€˜ํ›„๋ฐ˜์ž‘์—…โ€™์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ •๋ณดํ™” ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ์นด์˜ค์Šค์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ์ฒด์ธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋์—†์ด ๋ฒ”๋žŒํ•˜๋Š” ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์†์—์„œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์€์œ ์ด๋‹ค.


์„œ์˜๋•์€ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ญ‰์น˜๊ณ  ์‘์ถ•์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค, โ€˜์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธโ€™ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฒด์ธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ ๋‡Œ ํšŒ๋กœ ์†์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„œ์–‘์˜ ๊ณ ์ „ ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ์ ‘์ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ „ ์กฐ๊ฐ์€ ์ธ์ฒด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค, ๋กœ๋งˆ, ๋ฅด๋„ค์ƒ์Šค, ๋ฐ”๋กœํฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ‰์ƒ๋งŒ ๋ณด์•„๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰์ƒ์€ ์ธ์ฒด์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •, ๋™์ž‘์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์ธ ์—๋ฅธ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ณฐ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์น˜(Ernst Gombrich)๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ ๋А๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธด์žฅ๋œ ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทผ์œก๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ž๊ทน์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์œก์ฒด์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์–ผ๊ตด ์—†๋Š” ํ˜•์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฌธ๋ช… ์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์‰ด ํ‹ˆ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊นŠ์€ ๋น„์• ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค.


์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์„œ์–‘์˜ ๊ณ ์ „ ์กฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ์กฐ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ ˆ์˜จ ๋ฐ”ํ‹ฐ์Šคํƒ€ ์•Œ๋ฒ ๋ฅดํ‹ฐ(Leon Battista Alberti)๋Š” ๋ฅด๋„ค์ƒ์Šค ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ใ€Œ์กฐ๊ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ(โ€œDe Statuaโ€)ใ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ €์ˆ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋๋˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹น๋Œ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ฒ ๋ฅดํ‹ฐ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” โ€˜๋ง๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒโ€™์ด๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” โ€˜๋œ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒโ€™์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ โ€˜์†Œ์กฐๅก‘้€ (plastic)โ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ ํ† , ๋ฐ€๋ž, ์„๊ณ  ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ›„์ž๋Š” ๋Œ์กฐ๊ฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ฒ ๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์€ โ€˜๋œ์–ด๋‚ด์–ด ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒโ€™์ด๊ณ , โ€˜๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ์„œ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํšŒํ™”์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ผˆ๋ž€์ ค๋กœ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ด์„œ ๋”๋”์šฑ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค.


๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ์†์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋นš์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ์„œ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋Œ€์  ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ฑ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ƒ์— ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋‹ด์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์˜ค๋กœ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.


โ€œWhat can art become in a civilization which, cutting the individual off from nature and constraining him to live in a fabricated environment, dissociates consumption from production, and drains the latter of creative feeling? [...] A society bears its art like a tree its flowers, as a function of their being rooted in a world which neither one nor the other claims to make entirely its own.โ€
- Claude Lรฉvi-Strauss, Anthropologie structurale deux, 1973


Victoire Coquet, 2016


Seo Young-Deok is a fine observer of the world he lives in. Since graduating from the University of Seoul with a degree in Environmental Sculpture, he has been probing and analysing urban life as an ethnologist. A symbol of post-modern civilization, the city is an inspiration. Through his artworks, Seo Young-Deok depicts a disoriented society where man cannot find his place.

In the late 1980โ€™s, a wave of artistic renewal developed in Korea. Aspiring to more democracy after the fall of the military regime, Korean artists got involved and started innovating: amongst them, the Minjung Misol stood for the art of the people. Korean art moved from the abstract to the figurative, fuelled by the urge to express and depict a changing and troubled national reality. Seo Young-Deok ascribes to such a movement, extracting beauty from the flaws of the modern world which produced this new generation. At once anchored in the real and committed to the cause, the artist aims to portray the entire world with creatures of iron and stainless steel.

Todayโ€™s urban denizen is overwhelmed, stifled by a reality of his own making. Freedom, born from the objective relationship between the individual and the space he inhabits, becomes fragile and anaemic in this hostile environment. Nature is shattered, domesticated, reduced to a machine; and she uses mankind as a mere cog in this immense apparatus of life. The material used by the artist bears witness to his desire to play with the real, the raw; transforming it; giving voice to it. He uses a circular creative process, far from any Western linearity. He questions post-modern society with works that reflect his soul, suffering and fettered. The materials used comply with the Korean artistic tradition, where the components used, visible or not, make up the work and its message.

Here, chains represent ambivalent and complex ideas; both the symbol of manโ€™s technical power and the cause of his confinement, they are cold and sensual. The interlaced chains form a beautiful and coherent whole, giving shape to Seo Young-Deokโ€™s characters thanks to a network of connections. Through serendipitous shapes and spaces, these chains move and intertwine, the only constraint being their bond โ€“ just like with men and women today.

Seo Young-Deok sculpts the spokespeople of a society that has lost its voice. Eyes and mouths shut tight, they carry the germ of a chronical disease that gnaws at them, consumes them. In this speechless suffering, bodies remain elegant, supple, slender. In the ugliness inherent to a cold world of labour and pain, a warm and humane beauty shines through, a breath of life. Chains become cells; the figure fragile and familiar.

The iron creature comes to life. The artistโ€™s sculptures act as a mirror: we see ourselves suffer, carry on and โ€“ sometimes โ€“ break free. The artist works with universal human emotions, with the very differences that bring us closer. The absence of a face in certain sculptures in no way hinders the emotion conveyed: identification always starts with our bodies. We are invited to look beyond the chains, muscles, curves and tensions. In bodies hurt and mutilated, our own fears, anxieties and ills reappear. We partake in the persistent feeling of incompleteness provoked by these sculptures. With his sharp gaze, Seo Young-Deok manages to reveal what our bodies hide and what torments them.

It is this universality, this familiar feeling that calls out to those who perceive it. If something human somehow appears through these iron bodies and faces, it doubtlessly derives from the artistโ€™s skilled meticulousness. Faceless and speechless, the message is present, suggested. Seo Young-Deok makes the material his own and breathes new life into it.

โ€œ์ž์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„ ์ ˆ๋‹จํ•ด๋‚ด์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ณต๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์†๋ฐ•์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ช…, ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋ง์‚ดํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ช…์—์„œ, ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? [...] ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๊ฝƒ์„ ํ”ผ์šฐ๋“ฏ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฝƒ์„ ํ”ผ์šด๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.โ€
ํด๋กœ๋“œ ๋ ˆ๋น„์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ์Šค, ใ€Ž๊ตฌ์กฐ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™(Structural Anthropologyใ€, 1973

๏ปฟ๋น…ํ† ๋ฅด ์ฝ”์บฃ(Victoire Coquet)

์„œ์˜๋•์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ๊ฐํ•™๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ์ด๋ž˜, ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฏผ์กฑํ•™ ํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ชจ๋˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ธ ์„œ์šธ์€ ์˜๊ฐ์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•  ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

1980๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜, ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ๊ฐฑ์ƒ ์šด๋™์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ตฐ๋ถ€ ๋…์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ ธ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์—ด๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ํ˜์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏผ์ค‘๋ฏธ์ˆ ์€ ๋ฏผ์ค‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ จ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ค‘์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ํž˜์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ฉด์„œ, ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์€ ์ถ”์ƒ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ƒ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์šด๋™์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ์ค‘๋ฏธ์ˆ ์€ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•ด๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ํ•œ ์น˜์˜ ๋ง์„ค์ž„ ์—†์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ•๊ณ , ๋ฏผ์ค‘๋ฏธ์ˆ ์— ๊ทธ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘” ๋Œ€์˜์— ์ „๋…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์‡ ์™€ ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ฒ  ์กฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์ธ์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ์ˆจ ๋ง‰ํž ์ •๋„๋กœ ์••๋„๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋งบ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž์œ ๋ž€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์•ž์—์„œ ํ•œ์—†์ด ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ํŒŒ๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ์€ ์กฑ์‡„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๊ณ , ๊ธธ๋“ค์—ฌ์ ธ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ „๋ฝํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์†์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ†ฑ๋‹ˆ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚ ๊ฒƒ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ์œ ํฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์š•๋ง์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง์„ ์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ, ์ˆœํ™˜์ ์ธ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์„ ๋น„์ถ”๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์กฑ์‡„์— ๋ฌถ์—ฌ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ชจ๋˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ์Œ์„ ๋˜์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‘˜ ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ์ „ํ†ต์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‡ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์€ ์ด์ค‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ด€๋…์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์‡ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ด๋ฃฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ด์ž ๋™์‹œ์— ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ตฌ์†์‹œํ‚จ ์žฅ๋ณธ์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์‡ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์€ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ด€๋Šฅ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฎ์ธ ์‡ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์€ ์ผ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋ง์ด ์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ด๋‹ค. ์‡ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์€ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ ์–ฝํžˆ๊ณ ์„ค์ผœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋œป๋ฐ–์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์‡ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์€ ์˜ค๋กœ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์†์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์†๋‹นํ•  ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์ž๋“ค์„ ์กฐ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ˆˆ๊ณผ ์ž…์ˆ ์„ ๊ตณ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ซ์€ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ท ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ‰์•„ ๋จนํžŒ๋‹ค. ๋ง์—†์ด ๊ณ ํ†ต ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ชธ์€ ์šฐ์•„ํ•˜๊ณ , ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ด ๋„˜์น˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‚ ์”ฌํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋™๊ณผ ์•„ํ””์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์ฐจ๊ฐ‘๊ณ  ์ถ”ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์ด ๋น›๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋‹ฅ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์ˆจ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์‡ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์€ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ , ํ˜•์ƒ์€ ๊ฐธ๋‚ ํ”„๊ณ  ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ค๋‹ค.

์ฒ ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ์€ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ , ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ํƒˆ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์  ๊ฐ์ •๋“ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ์–ผ๊ตด ์—†๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ธ์‹์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์€ ๊ฒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‡ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ๊ณผ ๊ทผ์œก, ๊ณก์„ ๊ณผ ๊ธด์žฅ์˜ ์ด๋ฉด ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๋‹จ๋˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์ฒ˜ ์ž…์€ ๋ชธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ณตํฌ์™€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ํ’ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์™„์ „์„ฑ์— ์ž๊ทน๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํžŒ๋‹ค. ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ์ด ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋А๋‚Œ, ์ฆ‰ ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ์˜ ์™ธ์นจ์ด๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‡ ๋กœ ๋œ ๋ชธ๊ณผ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช… ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•จ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์–ผ๊ตด ์—†๋Š”, ๋ง ์—†๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„Œ์ง€์‹œ ๋˜์ ธ์ง„ ์ฑ„๋กœ. ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค.


Seo Young Deok: Meditation

Seo, Kyeong Ah (Exhibition Planning Manager, Seongnam Cultural Foundation), 2017

Cube Art Museum of Seongnam Art Center has appointed a sculptor Seo Young Deok as the second runner of 2017 Seongnam Young Artist Project, which aims to discover and cultivate young artists in the local area, and is holding his solo exhibition. The exhibition, Seo Young Deok: Meditation, will be about consolation that we can get from silence and stillness as contrasted with the modern chaotic society. The sculptor Seo mainly uses welded chain to shape the human body. He made a brilliant debut, winning the 1st place at the National Sculpture Competition for Undergraduates and Graduates in 2008. Since then, he has been pursuing his artistic career steadily, holding about forty exhibitions and establishing himself as an outstanding artist, especially overseas.


Seo, in a sweaty shirt, was losing himself in the work when I visited his studio. Fingertips of the gloves he was putting on were worn out and unraveled. Hundreds and thousands links of chain were piled up on the floor, waiting for his touch. On the other side, lumps of welded chain sitting on molds, respectively, comprised different sections of body. Smoky gas and heat were generated from welding and filled the air. Had it not been for the manikins like those you may see in an anatomy lab, his studio would have seemed an ordinary smithery or ironworks. Though it was rough material and simple technique, the bodies were revealing their extremely fine silhouettes, like a butterfly taking off its cocoon.

 Chain as Forbid
 It was when he was a postgraduate that he met chain. He had already been into human body and had been looking for a right material for it. He tried everything including stone, clay, steel, wood, plastic, etc. Nothing did not meet his aesthetic expectations. Swinging between thirst and frustration, he did not give up. One day, he ran into a pile of dumped chain. It must have once lived as a part of machine, rusted, and ended up there. For him, it looked like a group of worn-out people of this day, who had been put in the machine called โ€˜societyโ€™ and kept on passive life.

The encounter with the metal rings triggered him to express his thought about โ€˜forbidโ€™ and โ€˜deprivationโ€™ in the images of โ€˜linkingโ€™ and โ€˜ripping.โ€™ In his works, anguish is represented as ripped limbs and head, and crumbled body. What is more horrible is the inside of the body which looks like swarming with maggots. Melted wounds from welding apparently signify our inner agony. The artist also shows, as โ€˜linkingโ€™, social restraints that never allow us to break away. The liberty asserted by industrialized society is a superficial chant and is not liberal at all because it ends up self locking. We are compelled to be a โ€˜gray manโ€™ who has to mask his/her own unique identity as an individual. After all, freedom in the modern era is relative to the sufferings that each individual has to bear. This agony is what the artist himself suffers as well as what we suffer. Our emotions are regulated by society, which is the common destiny of modern people. The artist humbly said he had just needed something grotesque to attract attention in the training course. However, it is clear that he was indeed intensely tangling with immature but serious worries about society, about reality, and about his own life as an artist at that time.

 From Crying out to Inner Peace
 His recent works show great tranquility which is different from his previous ones. His sculptural focus was once on โ€˜more provocativeโ€™ and has now brought on โ€˜moderate and refined.โ€™ Social resistance has changed into consolation to โ€˜meโ€™ and โ€˜usโ€™ in a precarious position. Of the entries, Meditation 210(2016, 77ร—71ร—95cm, Stainless chain), a seated statue with the Mudra Hand gesture of the Buddha of the Middle Level of the Lowest Grade In Amida Buddhism, people are reborn into one of the nine levels of Pure Land, depending on the levels of their good deeds in their previous lives. on its knees, is the main thread of this exhibition. It was inspired by a Vietnamese Buddhist monk Thรญch Quแบฃng รแปฉc(1897~1963), who had astonished the world by burning himself to death to protest the governmentโ€™s persecution of the Buddhists in 1963.

His self-immolation has a profound meaning. It was not only about freedom from the external oppression but also about freedom through spiritual enlightenment, about overcoming an obsession with the body. The artist had been interested in the Buddhism since childhood. He was indescribably shocked to see the bonze keep untroubled and calm while his body was burning. Seo was captivated by self enlightenment. The sitting statue with his legs crossed, whose Mudra of the Middle Level of the Lowest Grade means repentance and right enlightenment, is the result of the artistโ€™s spiritual progress.
Artworks were sold. Fame was earned. Studio opened. Staffs are joined. His own family started up. Now he has more worries different from what he had before. Popularity demands more sculptures to be produced, and more sculptures need a bigger studio and more staffs. He was once alone and lonely. Now he cannot help considering many under capitalistic environment. However, pain is part of lesson. Seo is coming to maturity in the way a fair wind comes after a foul wind.


Completely Labor-Intensive
 Numbers are often found in the titles of his sculptures. Anguish 385 and Meditation 975, for example. These numbers mean the total length of the material used in artworks. He disjoints every link of a-few-hundred-meter chain and fixes a link to another. He sticks tens of thousands of links one by one in silence as if he is in Zen meditation. Each link is put into a cast, becomes stuck to another, and comprises a part of the whole body. When the last link is added, and the cast is taken off, he enters Nirvana, and the complete body is newly born. This arduous and boring process takes about a week to a month. Material is an ore. A finely worked gem is unveiled to the public after the weary process of being melt, hammered, grinded and polished. A dialogue with Life comes to an end when a piece of sculpture is done.


 Do not try to understand. Meaning is meaningless.
- Zdzislaw Beksinski, Poland, 1929-2005


Viewing an artwork does not require a long list of references. A viewer experiences an artwork relying on intuition. After a short encounter, the viewed object crosses the viewerโ€™s inside. Meditation is an inner image of silence. In that quietude, a struggle to control him/herself goes on for a while. Meditation is deep, complicated, intense, and sometimes desperate. Suddenly the viewer awakes and realizes the unity with the sculpture.
โ€Sometimes my work stands on the basis of as what my parents would see my work. If they can feel something, so can everybody else, I think. I donโ€™t want people to think my sculptures as difficult. I hope people feel easy with them.โ€
- Seo Young Deok
It is difficult to elevate a sculpture to the pinnacle of art, he says. He has to pass through an uphill of cognition, an uphill of idea, and an uphill of his deeper inside. He feels unease at those countless thoughts he has to encounter until he completes a sculpture. On the other hand, he wants his sculptures to be straightforwardly treated by those who are not able to visit a gallery because of their social/economic circumstances, or by the elder who got little education due to historical adversities. Words are no need. Interpreting and savoring an artwork is entirely up to a viewer. Look! Eyes are closed, mouth is shut, and ears are removed. Only is silence and stillness.

์„œ์˜๋•: ๋ฌต๊ณ ้ป˜่€ƒ Meditation

์„œ๊ฒฝ์•„ (์„ฑ๋‚จ๋ฌธํ™”์žฌ๋‹จ ์ „์‹œ๊ธฐํš๋ถ€ ๊ณผ์žฅ)

 ์„ฑ๋‚จ์•„ํŠธ์„ผํ„ฐ ํ๋ธŒ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ฒญ๋…„์ž‘๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตด ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” 2017์„ฑ๋‚จ์ฒญ๋…„์ž‘๊ฐ€์ „ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ€ ์„œ์˜๋•์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. <์„œ์˜๋•: ๋ฌต๊ณ ้ป˜่€ƒ Meditation>์€ ๋ฒˆ์žกํ•œ ํ˜„๋Œ€์‚ฌํšŒ ์†์— ์นจ๋ฌต๊ณผ ๊ณ ์š”๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒด์ธ๊ณผ ์šฉ์ ‘์ˆ ์„ ์ฃผ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ž‘๋ฒ•(ไฝœๆณ•)์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์กฐํ˜•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ€ ์„œ์˜๋•์€ 2008๋…„ ์ „๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ•™ใƒป๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ์กฐ๊ฐ๋Œ€์ „์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ™”๋ คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ 10์—ฌ ๋…„๊ฐ„ 40์—ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ „๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ „ ๊ฐœ์ตœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ž‘์—…์‹ค์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ๋•€์†Œ๊ธˆ ๋ฒ ์ธ ์งˆ์ฒ™ํ•œ ์…”์ธ ์™€ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ ๋ ์‹ค์˜ค๋ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ’€๋ฆฐ ํ—ค์ง„ ๋ชฉ์žฅ๊ฐ‘์„ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ์ฐฝ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์†๊ธธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ์กฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฒด์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ์ˆ˜๋ถ์ด ์Œ“์—ฌ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏธ ์šฉ์ ‘๋œ ์ฒด์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋“ฑ๋ถ„๋œ ์ธ์ฒด ํ‹€ ์œ„์— ์–นํ˜€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ด๊ธฐ์™€ ๋’ค์„ž์ธ ์šฉ์ ‘๊ฐ€์Šค๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…์‹ค์„ ๋งค์บํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข์€ ์ž‘์—…์‹ค ํ•œํŽธ์— ์ž๋ฆฌํ•œ ํก์‚ฌ โ€˜ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™๊ต์‹คโ€™์—์„œ๋‚˜ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๊น€์—†์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ์ € ์ฒ ๊ณต์†Œ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ, ํˆฌ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•œ ์ธ์ฒด์˜ ์„ (ๅƒ)์€ ๊ณ ์น˜์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋น„๋‚  ๋“ฏ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํƒ„์ƒ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

 โ€˜์ฒด์ธ์€ ์†๋ฐ•์ด๋‹คโ€™

์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ฒด์ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์žฌํ•™ ์‹œ์ ˆ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ, โ€˜์ธ์ฒดโ€™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ, ํ™, ์‡ , ๋‚˜๋ฌด, ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋“ฑ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€์ž…(ไปฃๅ…ฅ)ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฏธ์  ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ธฐ์—” ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง‰์—ฐํ•œ ์•„์‰ฌ์›€๊ณผ ๊ฐˆ์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฃจํ•˜๋ฃจ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋˜ ์–ด๋А ๋‚ , ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์€ ์šฐ์—ฐ์ผ€๋„ ๋„ˆ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ ธ์žˆ๋˜ ์ฒด์ธ์— ๊ฝ‚ํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ € ๋ถ€์†ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ด๋‹ค ๋…น์Šจ ์ฑ„ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํ‹€์— ๋ผ์›Œ์ ธ ์ˆ˜๋™์  ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ณ ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ƒ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค.

 ์ฒด์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์€ โ€˜๊ธˆ์ง€โ€™ ํ˜น์€ โ€˜๋ฐ•ํƒˆโ€™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ํ‰์†Œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ โ€˜์ฐข์Œโ€™๊ณผ โ€˜์—ฎ์Œโ€™์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๊ณจํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ฐข๊ธด ํŒ”๋‹ค๋ฆฌ, ์ฐข๊ธด ์–ผ๊ตด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐข๊ธฐ๋‹ค ๋ชปํ•ด ๋ฐ”์Šค๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชธ์ฒด๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋”๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋“๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ์œก์‹ ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๊ณ ์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋…น์•„๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ์šฉ์ ‘์˜ ์ƒํ”์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์—ฌ๊ณผ ์—†์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ โ€˜์—ฎ์Œโ€™์œผ๋กœ ์ดํƒˆ์„ ์šฉ์ธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ตฌ์†์„ ์—ญ์„คํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์œ (่‡ช็”ฑ)๋ž€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋“ฏํ•œ ํฌ์žฅ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ž์œ ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ž์œ ๋กญ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ž์œ (่‡ชๅนฝ)์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋‘๊ณ  ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋Š”, ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” โ€˜ํšŒ์ƒ‰์ธ๊ฐ„โ€™์„ ์ข…์šฉ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์ž์œ (่‡ช็”ฑ)๋Š” ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๊ฐ๋‚ดํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ณ ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ. ์ด๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์ด์ž, ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตด๋ ˆ ์†์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ํ†ต์ œ๋œ ์ฑ„ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. โ€˜ํ•™์Šตโ€™ํ•˜์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์ˆ˜๋ จ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋Œ ๊ทธ๋กœํ…Œ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ ๋ณ€(่พฏ)์ด๋‚˜, ๋™์‹œ์— ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ, ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ, ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ๋ฒˆ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์น˜๊ธฐ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋’ค์„ž์ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€์Œ์ด๋‹ค.

 ๋ฐ–์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์™ธ์นจ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ์†Œํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
 ๊ทผ์ž‘์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ๋” ์ฒญ๋…„์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ์ „์ž‘๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ณ ์š”ํ•ด์กŒ์Œ์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค. โ€˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž๊ทน์ ์ž„โ€™์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด์žˆ๋˜ ์กฐํ˜•์  ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์˜จ๊ฑดํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ •์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ ํ•ญ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ์œ„ํƒœ๋กœ์šด โ€˜๋‚˜โ€™๋ฅผ, โ€˜์šฐ๋ฆฌโ€™๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ„๋กœ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถœํ’ˆ์ž‘ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์ขŒ๋ฅผ ํŠผ ์ฑ„ ์–‘์†์„ ํ•˜ํ’ˆ์ค‘์ƒ(ไธ‹ๅ“ไธญ็”Ÿ)์˜ ์ˆ˜์ธ(ๆ‰‹ๅฐ)์œผ๋กœ ์–‘ ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ขŒ์ƒ(Meditation 210, 2016, 77ร—71ร—95cm, Stainless chain)์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ „์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž‘์ด๋‹ค. 1963๋…„ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ตํƒ„์••์— ์†Œ์‹ ๊ณต์–‘(็‡’่บซไพ›้คŠ)์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์•Œ๋ ธ๋˜ ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์˜ ์Šน๋ ค ํ‹ฑ๊ฝ๋“(Thรญch Quแบฃng รแปฉc /้‡‹ๅปฃๅพท, 1897๋…„~1963๋…„)์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.

๋‹น์‹œ ๋ถ„์‹ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œก์ฒด์˜ ์ง‘์ฐฉ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋ฉฐ ์™ธ์  ํƒ„์••๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ž์œ , ๋‚ด์  ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆด์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถˆ๊ต์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ๋˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ํƒ€๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์œก์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ์น˜์˜ ํํŠธ๋Ÿฌ์ง ์—†์ด ๋ฌต๋ฌตํžˆ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋˜ ์Šน๋ ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ˜•์–ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์ขŒ์ƒ์ž‘์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ง„ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ’ˆ์ธ ์ค‘ ์ฃ„์˜ ๋‰˜์šฐ์นจ๊ณผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์ด ๋‹ด๊ธด ํ•˜ํ’ˆ์ค‘์ƒ์ˆ˜์ธ์„ ์–น์Œ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

 ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ํŒ”๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์–ป๊ณ , ๋™์‹œ์— ์ž‘์—…์‹ค๊ณผ ์Šคํƒœํ”„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊พธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ๋„์˜ ๋ฒˆ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๊ณ  ์ž‘์—…์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๋” ํฐ ์ž‘์—…์‹ค๊ณผ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์Šคํƒœํ”„๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜ผ์ž์—ฌ์„œ ์™ธ๋กœ์› ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜ผ์ž์—ฌ์„œ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ด์ œ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ํ†ต์ด ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋“ฏ ์งˆํ’์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ˆœํ’์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋“ฏ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„œ์˜๋•์€ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค.

๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ๋…ธ๋™์ง‘์•ฝ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ œ๋ชฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Anguish 385, Meditation 975 ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ด๊ธธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ์ฒด์ธ์„ ์ผ์ผ์ด ๋Š์–ด๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ € ์ฐธ์„ ํ•˜๋“ฏ ๋ง์—†์ด ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฒด์ธ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ๋ถ™์—ฌ๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐํ‘ธ์ง‘์— ๋…น์—ฌ ๋ถ™์ธ ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์€ ์ธ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ๋ถ™์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ ํ‹€์„ ๋œฏ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์—ด๋ฐ˜์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋“ฏ ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ์ธ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์งง๊ฒŒ๋Š” 1์ฃผ์ผ, ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์—ฌ์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์ด ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ๊ณ ๋œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์›์„๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋‹ฌํ””์€ ๋ถˆ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ง์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๋งˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์ž˜ ์„ธ๊ณต๋œ ๋ณด์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋Œ€์ค‘ ์•ž์— ๋‚ด์–ด๋†“๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์  ์™„์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์ธ์ƒ๊ณผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™” ํ•œ ์žฅ์„ ๋งบ์Œํ•œ๋‹ค.

 โ€œ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค ๋“ค์ง€ ๋งˆ๋ผ, ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€
  โ€“ ๋ฐฑ์ง„์Šคํ‚ค(Zdzislaw Beksinski, ํด๋ž€๋“œ, 1929-2005)

์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ํ—ค์•„๋ฆผ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ•„์š”์ผ€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ด€๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ง์„ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ฉดํ•œ๋‹ค. ์งง์€ ๋Œ€๋ฉด์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ด๋‚ด ๋Œ€๋ฉด์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์ž์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ฐจ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌต๊ณ ๋Š” ์นจ๋ฌต์˜ ๋‚ด์  ํ˜•์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋‚ด์•ˆ์—์„  ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋‹ค์Šค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌํˆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ฌต๊ณ ๋Š” ๊นŠ๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋ก  ์ฒ˜์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ๋“ ๊นจ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ด€๊ฐ์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์•„์ผ์ฒด(็‰ฉๆˆ‘ไธ€้ซ”)์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งž๋Š”๋‹ค.

 โ€œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ €์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ € ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฟ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€(์„œ์˜๋•)

 ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ง€์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ธธ์ด ์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์‚ฐ๋„ ๋„˜๊ณ , ๊ด€๋…์˜ ์‚ฐ๋„ ๋„˜๊ณ , ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ์‚ฐ๋„ ๋„˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋…(ๅฟต)๋“ค์ด ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋Œ€์  ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์›€์ด ์ ์€ ์–ด๋ฅด์‹ ๋“ค, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋˜ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ช…์€ ๊ตณ์ด ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•œ ํ›„์˜ ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ƒ‰์€ ์˜ค๋กฏ์ด ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด์˜ ๋ชซ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ๊ณ  ์ž…์„ ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ๊ท€๋ฅผ ์ง€์› ๋‹ค. ์นจ๋ฌต์ด๊ณ , ์ •์ ์ด๋‹ค.